| Energy material characterization techniques with using hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
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Sechan Lee1,2 |
1Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
2Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea |
| Hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy를 이용한 에너지 소재 분석 기술 |
|
이세찬1,2 |
1국민대학교 화학과
2국민대학교 응용화학부 나노소재전공 |
Correspondence:
Sechan Lee,
Email: lsc1126@kookmin.ac.kr
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Received: 20 May 2025 • Accepted: 27 May 2025 |
| Abstract |
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Hard X‑ray absorption spectroscopy (Hard XAS) offers element‑specific bulk sensitivity combined with sub‑second time resolution, making it an indispensable tool for next‑generation energy materials. This article outlines the fundamentals of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, details a reproducible Athena–Artemis workflow for calibration, background subtraction, χ(k) extraction, and FEFF‑based fitting, and highlights operando Hard XAS studies that unravel redox and structural dynamics in lithium‑ion battery electrodes and water‑splitting catalysts. Representative cases demonstrate how Hard XAS decouples capacity fade from voltage decay in Li‑rich layered oxides, stabilises Ruδ+ sites during high‑current acidic Oxygen evolution reaction, and guides interface engineering through real‑time redox mapping. Finally, we discuss forthcoming advances—including fourth‑generation synchrotrons, lab‑scale high‑harmonic sources and machine‑learning fitting engines—that will enable autonomous closed‑loop materials discovery. |
| Key Words:
Energy material characterization, EXAFS, XANES, X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
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